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A quick review of transformations in the coordinate plane.
("Isometry" is another term for "rigid transformation".)
Remember that a
reflection is simply a flip. Under a reflection, the figure does not change size
(it
is an isometry).
It is simply flipped over the line of
reflection. The orientation (lettering of
the diagram) is reversed.
Reflection
in the x-axis: |
When you reflect a
point across the x-axis, the x-coordinate remains the
same, but the y-coordinate is transformed into its opposite.
or
When working with the graph of y = f ( x),
replace y with - y.
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Reflection
in the y-axis: |
When you reflect a
point across the y-axis, the y-coordinate remains the
same, but the x-coordinate is transformed into its opposite.
or
When working with the graph of y = f ( x),
replace x with - x.
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Reflection
in y = x: |
When you reflect a
point across the line y = x, the x-coordinate
and the y-coordinate change places.
or |
Reflection
in y = -x: |
When you reflect a
point across the line y = - x, the x-coordinate
and the y-coordinate change places and are negated (the signs
are changed).
or |
A
point reflection exists when a figure is
built around a single point called the center of the
figure. For every
point in the figure, there is another point found directly opposite it on
the
other side of the center. The figure does not change size (it is
an isometry).
Reflection in the Origin: |
While any point in the
coordinate plane may be used as a point of reflection, the most
commonly used point is the origin.
or
When
working with the graph of y = f ( x),
replace x with - x
and y with - y.
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A rotation turns a figure through an angle about a fixed point called the center.
The center of rotation is assumed to be the origin, unless stated
otherwise. A
positive angle
of rotation turns the figure
counterclockwise, and a negative angle of rotation turns the figure
in a
clockwise direction. The figure does
not change size (it is an isometry).
Rotation of 90º: |
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Rotation of 180º: |
(same as reflection in origin) |
Rotation of 270º: |
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A dilation is a
transformation that produces an image that is the
same shape as the
original, but is
a different size (the figures are similar). The description of a dilation includes the scale factor
and the center of the
dilation. A dilation "shrinks" or "stretches" a figure
(it is not an isometry).
Dilation of scale factor k: |
The center of a
dilation is most often the origin, O. It may however, be some other point in the coordinate plane which will be specified.
(The O, shown below, indicates centered at the origin.)
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A translation "slides" an object a fixed
distance in a given direction. The original object and its translation have the same shape and size (isometry), and they
face in the same direction.
Translation of h, k: |
Under the image of y = f ( x) is y = f ( x - h) + k..
If h > 0, the original graph is shifted h units to the
right.
If h < 0, the original graph is shifted | h | units to the left.
If k > 0, the original graph is shifted k units up.
If k < 0, the original graph is shifted | k | units down. |
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